DevSecOps Interview Practice Questions and Answers is the definitive resource I designed for engineers who want to move beyond basic automation and truly master the art of integrating security into every stage of the development lifecycle. I know how overwhelming it can be to keep up with shifting security landscapes, so I’ve meticulously crafted these practice tests to cover everything from threat modeling and OWASP Top 10 to complex Kubernetes security and automated supply chain defense. Whether you are preparing for a high-stakes technical interview or a professional certification, I provide deep-dive explanations for every single option—not just the correct one—to ensure you understand the "why" behind every security control. My goal is to help you build a security-first mindset that goes beyond rote memorization, giving you the practical edge needed to secure modern cloud-native applications, manage secrets effectively, and implement robust Policy-as-Code across AWS, Azure, or GCP environments.

Exam Domains & Sample Topics

DevSecOps Foundations: Shift-left, Secure SDLC, Agile security, and Threat Modeling.
CI/CD Pipeline Security: SAST/DAST/SCA integration, Secrets Management, and SBOMs.
Cloud & Container Security: Kubernetes RBAC, Docker hardening, and IaC (Terraform) security.
Application & API Security: OAuth2/JWT, OWASP API Top 10, and Secure Gateways.
Monitoring & Governance: SIEM/SOAR, Incident Response, Compliance (SOC2/ISO 27001), and Metrics.

Sample Practice Questions

Question 1: In a high-maturity DevSecOps pipeline, which approach best addresses "Software Supply Chain Security" during the build phase?
Question 2: Which Kubernetes resource is most critical for enforcing the "Principle of Least Privilege" regarding pod-to-pod communication?
- A. Resource Quotas
- B. Network Policies
- C. NodeSelectors
- D. Horizontal Pod Autoscalers (HPA)
- E. Ingress Controllers
- F. ConfigMaps
- Correct Answer: B
- Overall Explanation: Network Policies act as a Layer 3/4 firewall for pods, allowing you to explicitly define which pods are allowed to talk to each other.
- Detailed Option Explanations:
  - A (Incorrect): Resource Quotas manage CPU/Memory consumption, not security permissions or communication.
  - B (Correct): Network Policies are the standard way to restrict lateral movement within a cluster.
  - C (Incorrect): NodeSelectors determine which nodes a pod runs on, but they don't restrict traffic.
  - D (Incorrect): HPA manages scaling based on load, which is a performance concern, not security.
  - E (Incorrect): Ingress manages external access into the cluster, not internal pod-to-pod "East-West" traffic.
  - F (Incorrect): ConfigMaps store non-sensitive configuration data and have no role in traffic enforcement.
Question 3: When implementing "Shift-Left" security, at which stage should Static Application Security Testing (SAST) ideally be triggered?
- A. During post-incident forensics.
- B. Only after the application is deployed to Production.
- C. During the "Commit" or "Build" stage of the CI/CD pipeline.
- D. During the quarterly compliance audit.
- E. On the developer's machine after the code is already merged to the main branch.
- F. During the penetration testing phase only.
- Correct Answer: C
- Overall Explanation: Shifting left means moving security checks earlier in the SDLC. SAST analyzes source code and should be integrated into the build process to catch flaws before they reach an environment.
- Detailed Option Explanations:
  - A (Incorrect): Forensics happens after a breach; this is "Shift-Right" to the extreme.
  - B (Incorrect): Waiting until Production is expensive and dangerous; flaws should be caught earlier.
  - C (Correct): Triggering SAST on commit/build provides immediate feedback to the developer.
  - D (Incorrect): Audits are for governance and are usually too late to prevent development flaws.
  - E (Incorrect): While IDE plugins are good, SAST must be enforced before merging to ensure the main branch remains secure.
  - F (Incorrect): Pentesting is a late-stage manual process; SAST should be automated and early.

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